CZECH REPUBLIC

A fairytale land rushing headlong to modernity.

The Czech Republic is still all things to all people. From the pulsing capital Prague to the back-in-time villages of Moravia, from toiling up mountains to lounging in spas, from the world-famous Pilsner to the strains of Smetana and Dvořák, there's an experience to suit every taste.

Stunning architecture is not limited to Prague - there are plenty of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque facades in other towns, and significantly fewer tourists. Among the richest are Kutná Hora in Central Bohemia; Cheb, Loket and Domažlice in western Bohemia; Olomouc in northern Moravia; and Telč and Kromêříž in southern Moravia.

Full Name
Czech Republic

Capital City
Prague (pop 1.2 million )

Area
78,866 sq km
30,450 sq miles

Population
10,235,455

GMT/UTC
+1 ()

Daylight Saving Start
last Sunday in March

Daylight Saving End
last Sunday in October

Languages
Czech (official)

Religion
26.8% Roman Catholic, 2.1% Protestant, 3.3% Other, 8.89% Unspecified

Currency
Czech Koruna (Kč)

Electricity
220V 50HzHz

Country Dialing Code
420

One Step Ahead

Hussite King Jiří z Poděbrad proposed a European union about 550 years before Czechs voted to join the current EU.

Time Zone

GMT/UTC +1 ()

Daylight Saving

Start: last Sunday in March

End: last Sunday in October

Weights Measures System

Metric

Geography

Adjoining Austria, Germany, Poland and the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic consists of Bohemia in the west and Moravia in the east. Within Moravia is a small southern part of the historical region called Silesia, the rest of which is in present-day Poland. Prague, the capital of both the Czech Republic and Bohemia, sits astride the Vltava River about 30km (19mi) above its junction with the Labe River. The Czech Republic has a beautiful and diverse landscape with plenty of mountains, gentle highlands, lowlands, caves, canyons, broad fields, bogs, lakes, ponds and dams. Unfortunately, the further north you go, the worse the appalling air pollution and high-altitude acid-rain damage gets - belated pay-back for unregulated industrialisation since the 19th century. Despite the significant environmental damage, the north includes some of the Czech Republic's most sublime landscapes including the stunning Sandstone Rocks of Labe, and the bizarre 'rock towns' of Český ráj and the Adršpach-Teplice region.

Visas Overview

Nationals of all western European countries, Japan, the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand can visit the Czech Republic for up to 90 days, and UK citizens for up to 180 days, without a visa. Nationals of South Africa and many other countries must obtain a visa, which is good for a stay of between 30 and 90 days depending on your nationality. Note that although the Czech Republic is now part of the EU, the visas issued by the Czech Republic are national and not Schengen visas. When the Czech Republic joined the European Union they did not become part of the Schengen area. Therefore valid Schengen visas cannot be used for entering the Czech Republic. Note also that Czech visas do not allow aliens to enter the territories of other EU member states. All aliens who require a visa when travelling to the Czech Republic must therefore have a valid Czech visa, corresponding to the purpose and length of their stay in the country.

Government Type

Parliamentary democracy

Government Leaders

Mirek Topolánek - Prime Minister (head of government)
Václav Klaus - President (head of state)

Local Health Conditions

leeches & ticks

Tick-borne encephalitis is a serious infection of the brain that is spread by tick bites. Vaccination is advised for those travelling in risk areas who are unable to avoid tick bites (such as campers, forestry workers and ramblers). Two doses of vaccine will give a year's protection, three doses up to three years' protection. Shortlasting vaccines are available in the Czech and Slovak Republics. 

Lyme disease

Lyme disease is transmitted by deer ticks, which are only 1-2 mm long. Most cases occur in the late spring and summer. The first symptom is usually an expanding red rash that is often pale in the centre, known as a bull's eye rash. However, in many cases, no rash is observed. Flu-like symptoms are common, including fever, headache, joint pains, body aches and malaise. When the infection is treated promptly with an appropriate antibiotic, usually doxycycline or amoxicillin, the cure rate is high. Luckily, since the tick must be attached for 36 hours or more to transmit Lyme disease, most cases can be prevented by performing a thorough tick check after you've been outdoors.

Weather Overview

Czech seasons are distinct. Summer (June through August), receives the highest temperatures and also the heaviest rainfall. The cold, bitter winter months of December, January and February often have temperatures reaching as low as -5°C (23°F) in the cities and -10°C (14°F) to -15°C (5°F) or even -30°C (-22°F) in the mountainous areas. They are tailor-made for skiing and other winter pursuits; the mountains receive about 130 days of snow a year, but other areas get coverage as well. Spring (late March to May) brings changeable, rainy weather and sometimes flooding. Autumn is also variable but temperatures can be as high as 20°C (68°F) in September.

Further Reading

We the People: the Revolutions of 1989

Timothy Garton Ash (history/politics)

A journalist's gripping first-hand accounts of the revolutions that swept away the region's old guard in 1989.

Dubcek & Czechoslovakia

William Shawcross (history/politics)

A biography of the late leader of Prague's original Spring, with a hasty post-1989 update.

The Reluctant President: A Political Life of Vaclav Havel

Michael Simmons (history/politics)

A biography of the Czech Republic's poet-politician.

Letters to Olga

Vaclav Havel (non-fiction)

A moving collection of letters from Haclev to his wife written from prison in the 1980s.

The Good Soldier Svejk

Jaroslav Hasek (fiction)

This book is good low-brow WWI humour about the trials of the republic's literary mascot, written in instalments from Prague's pubs.

Utz

Bruce Chatwin (fiction)

A quiet, absorbing novella about a porcelain collector in Prague's old Jewish quarter.

The Coasts of Bohemia

Derek Sayer (history/politics)

Scholary, but very readable history, which explains the evolution of Czech culture and the national psyche.

The Joke

Milan Kundera

Kundera's first novel sums up the contradictions of the communist era with the sense of mischief that flourished briefly in the famous Prague summer of 1968.

People

Czech with minorities of Slovaks, Poles, Germans, Romanies and Hungarians

Religion

26.8% Roman Catholic, 2.1% Protestant, 3.3% Other, 8.89% Unspecified

Overview

With Prague's eminence as a beacon of European high-culture, it's no surprise that its influence spreads throughout the Czech Republic. Have your awe struck by the architectural splendour of castles, squares and old towns. Get a belly-full of the Czech Republic's finest beer and dumplings and stroll through an old town square, relishing the echoes of a busker's violin.

Pre 20th Century History

The arrival of the Slavs in the 5th and 6th centuries saw the beginning of the Czechs' chequered history. Its tribes adopted Christianity and united in the short-lived Great Moravian Empire (830-906), which came to include western Slovakia, Bohemia, Silesia, and parts of eastern Germany, southeastern Poland and northern Hungary. Towards the end of the 9th century, the Czechs seceded to form the independent state of Bohemia.

Prague Castle was founded in the 870s by Prince Borivoj as the main seat of the Premysl dynasty, though the Premysls failed to unite the squabbling Czech tribes until 993. In 950, the German King Otto I conquered Bohemia and incorporated it into his Holy Roman Empire. In 1212, the pope granted the Premsyl prince Otakar I the right to rule as king. His son and successor Otakar II tried to claim the title of Holy Roman Emperor as well as king of the Czechs, but the imperial crown went to Rudolph Habsburg. Strong rule under the Habsburgs brought with it Bohemia's Golden Age. Prague grew into one of Europe's largest and most important cities, and was ornamented with fine Gothic landmarks.

The late 14th and early 15th centuries witnessed an influential Church-reform movement, the Hussite Revolution, led by the Czech Jan Zizka, who was inspired by the teachings of Jan Hus. The spread of Hussitism had threatened the Catholic status quo all over Europe. In 1420 combined Hussite forces successfully defended Prague against the first of a series of anti-Hussite crusades, which had been launched with the authority of the pope. Though they were up against larger and better equipped forces, the Hussites repeatedly went on the offensive and raided deep into Germany, Poland and Austria.

In 1526 the Czech kingdom again came under control of the Catholic Habsburgs. On 23 May 1618, the Bohemian Estates, protesting against both the Habsburgs' failure to deliver on promises of religious tolerance and the loss of their own privileges, ejected two Habsburg councillors from an upper window of Prague Castle (they survived with minor injuries). This famous 'defenestration' sparked off the Thirty Years' War. The Czechs lost their rights and property and almost their national identity through forced Catholicisation and Germanisation, and their fate was sealed for the next three centuries.

In the 19th century, Bohemia and Moravia were swept by nationalistic sentiments. The Czech lands joined in the 1848 revolutions sweeping Europe, and Prague was the first city in the Austrian Empire to rise in favour of reform.

Modern History

The dream of an independent state took shape during the 20th century, gaining momentum through the events of WWI. Eventually Czechs and Slovaks agreed to form a single federal state of two equal republics. The First Republic initially experienced an industrial boom; however, slow development, the Great Depression, an influx of Czech bureaucrats and the breaking of a promise of a Slovak federal state generated calls for Slovak autonomy.

Czechoslovakia was not left to solve its problems in peace. Most of Bohemia's three million German speakers fell for the dream of a greater Germany. Hitler demanded (and got) the Sudetenland in the infamous Munich agreement of 1938 and the Czechs prepared for war. Although Bohemia and Moravia suffered little material damage in the war, many of the Czech intelligentsia were killed and the Germans managed to wipe out most of the Czech underground. Tens of thousands of Czech and Slovak Jews perished in concentration camps. On 5 May 1945, the population of Prague rose against the German forces as the Red Army approached from the east. The Germans, granted free passage out of the city by the victorious Czech resistance, began pulling out on 8 May. Most of Prague was thus liberated before Soviet forces arrived the following day.

Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent state. Attempts to consolidate its cultural identity - and punish its oppressors - included large scale deportations of German and Hungarian inhabitants. In the 1946 elections, the Communists became the largest party, with 36% of the popular vote. The 1950s was an era of harsh repression and decline as the Communist economic policies nearly bankrupted the country. Many people were imprisoned, and hundreds were executed or died in labour camps, often for little more than a belief in democracy. In the 1960s, Czechoslovakia enjoyed a gradual liberalisation. A new president, the former Slovak party leader Alexander Dubcek, represented a popular desire for full democracy and an end to censorship - 'socialism with a human face'. Soviet leaders, unable to face the thought of a democratic society within the Soviet bloc, crushed the short-lived 'Prague Spring' of 1968 with an invasion of Warsaw Pact troops on the night of 20-21 August. By the end of the next day, 58 people had died. In 1969, Dubcek was replaced and exiled to the Slovak forestry department. Around 14,000 party functionaries and 500,000 members refused to renounce their belief in 'socialism with a human face', were expelled from the Party and lost their jobs. Totalitarian rule was re-established and dissidents were routinely imprisoned.

The Communist regime remained in control after the fall of the Berlin Wall in late 1989. But on 17 November things changed. Prague's Communist youth movement organised a demonstration in memory of nine students executed by Nazis in 1939. A peaceful crowd of 50,000 were cornered, some 500 were beaten by the police and about 100 arrested. The following days saw constant demonstrations, and leading dissidents, with Vaclav Havel at the forefront, formed an anti-Communist coalition which negotiated the government's resignation on 3 December. A 'Government of National Understanding' was formed, with the Communists as minority members. Havel was elected president of the republic on 29 December and Dubcek was elected speaker of the national assembly. The days after the 17 November demonstration have become known as the 'Velvet Revolution' because there were no casualties. (In September 1992 Dubcek was seriously injured in a car accident near Prague, dying of injuries on 7 November. Conspiracy theorists have been busy ever since.)

Recent History

In the late 20th century, voices for autonomy in Slovakia were getting stronger, and a vocal minority was demanding independence. Finally, it was decided by prime ministers of both republics and other leading politicians that splitting the country was the best solution. Many people, including President Havel, called for a referendum, but even a petition signed by a million Czechoslovaks was not enough for the federal parliament to agree on how to arrange it. In the end Havel resigned from his post, as after repeated attempts by the new parliament he was not re-elected as president. Thus, on 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia ceased to exist for the second time this century. Prague became the capital of the new Czech Republic, and Havel was promptly elected its first president.

Thanks to stringent economic policies, booming tourism and a solid industrial base, the Czech Republic saw a strong recovery in the initial years following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Many cities have received facelifts and the benefits of tourism are now spreading in areas outside of Prague. On May 1, 2004, the country celebrated the traditional day for workers with entry into the European Union. Improved access to European markets, foreign investment, and a solid programme of privatisation of rationalisation of previously state owned businesses has produced robust increases in GDP of around 6% per annum and limited inflation to around 2%. However, the national unemployment rate has risen to almost 10%, and is significantly higher in areas that were previously heavily industrialised. Also with EU membership has come greater numbers of younger, educated Czechs leaving to work and study in other parts of the European Union, creating a shortage of skills in their home country. However despite relatively high unemployment, and a lack of affordable housing, and moderate political instability, the Czech Republic's economy continues to strengthen more rapidly than other more established members of the European Union.

Karlstejn

architectural feature ; castle

Karlstejn is the Czech Republic's star castle and it lives up to the highest expectations. Perched on a crag that overlooks the Berounka river, and sporting a spotless paint job, this cluster of turrets, high walls and looming towers is as immaculately maintained as it is powerfully evocative.

There are two guided tours through the castle. Tour I (50 minutes) passes through the Knight's Hall, still daubed with the coats of arms and names of the knight vassals, Charles IV's bedchamber, the Audience Hall and the Jewel House, which includes treasures from the Chapel of the Holy Cross and a replica of the St Wenceslas Crown.

Tour II (70 minutes) must be booked in advance and takes in the Great Tower, the highest point of the castle, which includes a museum on Mocker's restoration work, the Marian Tower and the exquisite Chapel of the Holy Cross, with its decorative ceiling.

Hours: Jul-Aug: Tue-Sun 9:00am-6:00pm; May, Jun & Sep: Tue-Sun 9:00am-5:00pm; Apr & Oct: Tue-Sun 9:00am-4:00pm; Nov-Mar: Tue-Sun 9:00am-3:00pm

Web: http://www.hradkarlstejn.cz

Kladruby

architectural feature ; religious/spiritual

A Benedictine abbey was founded here in 1115 and, following repeated plundering in the Thirty Years' War, received a major facelift by prominent Bohemian artists Giovanni Santini and Kilian Ignatz Dientzenhofer. The main attraction is the Abbey Church of the Holy Virgin, rebuilt between 1712 and 1726 by Santini in an extraordinary 'baroque Gothic' style.

The church has the original floor plan of a Romanesque basilica, the longest in Bohemia (85m/279ft). The church itself is an improbable marriage of baroque flamboyance and Gothic severity that would verge on tongue-in-cheek if it wasn't so beautiful. A standard tour includes the cloisters, with several dozen allegorical sculptures by celebrated baroque sculptor Matthias Bernard Braun.

The abbey hosts hourly group tours. There are two circuits: Tour I (one hour) includes the monastery and church, while Tour II (45 minutes) takes in the chateau. In summer occasional classical concerts are held in the abbey's grounds.

Hours: Jun-Aug: Tue-Sun 9:00am-5:00pm; May & Sep: Tue-Sun 9:00am-4:00pm; Apr & Oct: Sat-Sun 9:00am-4:00pm

Web: http://www.cestujme.cz/kladruby

Email: kladruby@mybox.cz

Koněprusy Caves

archaeological site ; cave

Human bones, the remains of a woolly rhino and a forge for counterfeiting coins are some of the oddities to be found in the guts of these impressive 600m/1969ft-deep limestone caves. Take a pullover: it's a constant, chilly 10°C (50°F), and you'll be down there for 45 to 60 minutes. Plus, if you get hungry there's no food to speak of except a snack bar at the caves.

The caves lie 6km (3.7mi) south of Beroun. It's worth checking for bus times with the Beroun tourist office before you head out.

Hours: Jul-Aug: 8:00am-5:00pm; Apr-Jun & Sep: 8:00am-4:00pm; Oct: 8:30am-3:00pm

Prague Castle

must-see ; architectural feature

Hradčanské Námĕstí

Prague Castle is one of the most impressive buildings you will ever visit. It has a magnificent clifftop outlook and a 1000-year-old history going back to a simple walled-in compound in the ninth century. The scale of this castle is breathtaking - it qualifies as the biggest ancient castle in the world.

Prague Castle - Pražsky hrad, or just hrad to Czechs, and almost a small town in itself - is Prague's most popular attraction. According to the Guinness World Records, it's the largest ancient castle in the world - 570m/1870ft long, an average of 128m/420ft wide and covering a total area bigger than seven football fields.

Hours: Apr-Oct 5:00am-12:00am; Nov-Mar 6:00am-11:00pm

Web: http://www.hrad.cz

Telč Chateau

castle

Palackeho

Like the cherry on a cake, Telč's Renaissance chateau, part of which is known as the Water Chateau, guards the north end of the peninsula. Rebuilt from the original Gothic structure in 1553-56 by Antonio Vlach and 1566-68 by Baldassare Maggi, the surviving structure remains in remarkably fine fettle, with immaculate lawns and beautifully kept interiors.

Hours: May-Aug: Tue-Sun 9:00am-12:00pm & 1:00pm-5:00pm; Apr, Sep-Oct: Tue-Sun 9:00am-12:00pm & 1:00pm-4:00pm

Email: info@tecl-etc.cz

Practically every day is a saint's day in the Czech Republic, and 'special days', festivals and public holidays are widely acknowledged. On 30 April in Prague, the Czech version of Walpurgisnacht, Paleni Carodejnic(Burning of the Witches) is a pre-Christian festival for warding off evil. Politically incorrect witch burning is now replaced by all-night bonfire parties on Kampa Island and in suburban backyards. Growing more politically incorrect on Easter Monday each year is the old pagan tradition of Pomlázka where Czech men wander through their village swatting their favourite women on the legs with decorated willow switches. High culture follows for the remainder of the year with the Prazske jaro(Prague Spring) International Music Festival in May and June, the Prague International Book Fair also in May and the Mozart Festival in September. The Christmas and New Year season closes the year quietly for most of the Czech Republic, but Prague is overcome with tourist revelry during a fast and furious holiday season. Worth checking out also is Český Krumlov's International Music Festival which is held every August in the stunning river town.

Overview

International rail crossings outnumber international airports by 18 to one (the airport in question being Prague), but both are outscored by the 30-plus international road crossings.

Plane

Scheduled international flights arrive predominantly at the capital, Prague, which is connected worldwide by at least two dozen international carriers, including CSA (Ceske aerolinie), the old state-run airline. International flights fly from Moscow to Karlovy Vary, and the country's second city, Brno, can be reached by air from London and Munich. Prague is the central hub airport for low-cost airline Smart Wings with regular flights to Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Denmark. Buying tickets in the republic won't save you much money, so if you're only going to the one destination, take advantage of the lower cost of a return (round-trip) ticket bought at home.

Train

Consider arriving by train, as it's the easiest (if not the cheapest) way to get from Western Europe to the Czech Republic. There are some 18 rail crossings into the Republic.

Car

By road, visitors can enter the Republic at over 30 points, and the list is growing all the time. To avoid fines, a window decal can be obtained from petrol stations to allow legal driving on the highways for a ten day period. Be aware that statistically, Czech drivers are some of the worst in Europe. Excessive speed and passing on blind corners are the main problems.

Overview

There are regular flights between Prague and other reasonably sized Czech cities, even more regular (and reasonably cheap) train services courtesy of Czech Railways, and a low-cost but highly dependable long-distance bus network. The road network is good, but drive defensively to counter the local addiction to excessive speeding.

Plane

Internal flights are available within the Czech Republic, with regular connections between Prague-Ostrava, Prague-Brno and Prague-Karlovy Vary.

Train

Czech Railways provides clean, efficient train service to almost every part of the country. Travel is cheap by Western standards.

Bus

Long-distance coach connections tend to be faster, more frequent and marginally cheaper than train connections, and remoter locations require fewer transfers.

Car

The Czech Republic is covered by a network of generally good roads, though they often follow old routes through villages and small towns. There are hundreds of kilometres of European-style motorways, but watch out for tailgating by trucks on these routes. Secondary roads are often of a relatively poor standard with potholes and uneven road surfaces.

World Guide Index Prices

Average Room Prices

Average Meal Prices

Major Industries

Machinery, transport, steel, armaments, vehicles, cement, ceramics, cotton, beer

Trading Partners

Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Russia, Italy